Transmit antenna selection of correlated MIMO multiuser cognitive radio networks in Nakagami‐m fading channels

In this paper, we examine the impact of antenna correlation on transmit antenna selection with receive maximal ratio combining (TAS/MRC) in multiple‐input multiple‐output multiuser underlay cognitive radio network (MIMO‐MCN) over a Nakagami‐m fading environment. The secondary network under consideration consists of a single source and M destinations equipped with multiple correlated antennas at each node. The primary network composed of L primary users, each of which is equipped with multiple correlated antennas. For the considered underlay spectrum sharing paradigm, the transmission power of the proposed secondary system is limited by the peak interference limit on the primary network and the maximum transmission power at the secondary network. In particular, we derive exact closed‐form expressions for the outage probability and average symbol error rate of the proposed secondary system. To gain further insights, simple asymptotic closed‐form expressions for the outage probability and symbol error rate are provided to obtain the achievable diversity order and coding gain of the system. In addition, the impact of antenna correlation on the secondary user ergodic capacity has been investigated by deriving closed‐form expressions for the secondary user capacity. The derived analytical formulas herein are supported by numerical and simulation results to clarify the main contributions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cluster‐based coordination scheme for cooperative cognitive radio networks

In this paper, a cluster‐based two‐phase coordination scheme for cooperative cognitive radio networks is proposed considering both spectrum efficiency and network fairness. Specifically, candidate secondary users (SUs) are first selected by a partner selection algorithm to enter the two‐phase cooperation with primary users (PUs). In phase I, the selected SUs cooperate with PUs to acquire a fraction of time slot as a reward. In phase II, all SUs including the unselected ones share the available spectrum resources in local clusters; each of which is managed by a cluster head who participated in the cooperation in phase I. To improve the total network utility of both PUs and SUs, the maximum weighted bipartite matching is adopted in partner selection. To further improve the network performance and communication reliability, network coding is exploited during the spectrum sharing within the cluster. Simulation results demonstrate that, with the proposed cluster‐based coordination scheme, not only the PUs' transmission performance is improved, but also SUs achieve spectrum access opportunities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the coexistence of a primary user with an energy harvesting secondary user: a case of cognitive cooperation

In this paper, we consider a cognitive scenario where an energy harvesting secondary user shares the spectrum with a primary user. The secondary source helps the primary source in delivering its undelivered packets during periods of silence of the primary source. The primary source has a queue for storing its data packets, whereas the secondary source has two data queues: a queue for storing its own packets and the other for storing the fraction of the undelivered primary packets accepted for relaying. The secondary source is assumed to be a battery‐based node, which harvests energy packets from the environment. In addition to its data queues, the secondary user has an energy queue to store the harvested energy packets. The secondary energy packets are used for primary packets decoding and data packets transmission. More specifically, if the secondary energy queue is empty, the secondary source can neither help the primary source nor transmit a packet from the data queues. The energy queue is modeled as a discrete‐time queue with Markov arrival and service processes. Because of the interaction of the queues, we provide inner and outer bounds on the stability region of the proposed system. We investigate the impact of the energy arrival rate on the stability region. Numerical results show the significant gain of cooperation.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prediction‐based MAC‐layer sensing in cognitive radio networks

We consider a cognitive radio network which coexists with multiple primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) transmit over time‐varying channels. In this scenario, one problem of the existing work is the poor performances of throughput and fairness due to variances of SUs' channel conditions and PUs' traffic patterns. To solve this problem, we propose a novel prediction‐based MAC‐layer sensing algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, the SUs' channel quality information and the probability of the licensed channel being idle are predicted. Through the earlier predicted information, we schedule the SUs to sense and transmit on different licensed channels. Specifically, multiple significant factors, including network throughput and fairness, are jointly considered in the proposed algorithm. Then, we formulate the prediction‐based sensing scheduling problem as an optimization problem and solve it with the Hungarian algorithm in polynomial time. Simulation results show that the proposed prediction‐based sensing scheduling algorithm could achieve a good tradeoff between network throughput and fairness among SUs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

BP神经网络在三电平逆变器消谐中的应用

提出了应用反向传播(BP)神经网络消除中点箝位型三电平逆变器中的谐波技术。以消除5,7,11,13次谐波为例,在分析特定谐波消除脉宽调制(SHEPWM)技术原理的基础上,建立了用于求解开关角的BP神经网络模型,通过遗传算法以离线方式获取了测试样本,完成神经网络的训练。训练完成的BP神经网络根据给定调制度的大小,以非线性拟合的方式在线求解开关角。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法克服了传统数值法求解消谐方程时初值选择困难的情况,将离线计算和在线求解的方法相结合,可实现实时的开关角求解。     

酸蚀蚓孔发育模型综述

基质酸化是碳酸盐岩油气藏的重要增产措施,其增产效果极大程度上依赖于酸蚀蚓孔的生长情况。所以,运用数学模型对蚓孔生长进行模拟尤为重要。综述了毛细管模型、网格模型、无量纲模型与双尺度连续性模型等4种蚓孔生长模型的研究进展。毛细管模型运算简便,能模拟蚓孔生长过程中长度与半径的变化情况,但缺乏对最佳注入速率、面溶蚀、均一溶蚀等形态的认识;网格模型能较好地研究溶蚀情况,但由于大量繁琐的计算使其应用效率较低;无量纲模型能够较全面地描述溶蚀形态以及孔隙突破体积,但该模型不能独立运用,需要结合其他模型使用;双尺度连续模型能综合考虑各种影响因素,弥补了上述各类模型的不足。但是,目前缺乏对蚓孔密度的计算,仅局限于实验条件下的岩芯模拟。建议蚓孔模型应向现场发展,将分形理论与蚓孔模型结合,用分维表示蚓孔模型中的参数,简化模型运算的复杂程度,使其更好地适应现场实际。     

OFDMA认知无线电网络中面向需求的频谱共享

从满足次网络通信需求的角度,设计一个两阶段模型,求解OFDMA 认知无线电网络中频谱租赁与分配问题。模型第1阶段,次基站收集次网络通信需求,向多个主基站租用频谱资源。运用Bertrand博弈对主、次基站的交易行为进行建模,并将纳什均衡作为最终定价方案。第2阶段,基于纳什议价方案,将次基站子载波和功率分配问题定义成非线性规划问题,并通过拉格朗日乘数法进行求解。仿真实验表明,相对于其他频谱共享方案,所提方案高效地满足每个次用户的通信需求。     

考虑恶意节点的CRN合作频谱感知方法

基于带有恶意节点的更为实际的频谱感知环境,研究了基于合作感知的频谱共享网络模型,次级用户将会根据合作感知结果动态地调整其发射功率。为了防止恶意节点对感知系统的感知性能造成严重影响,研究了如何进行合作感知以提高感知性能。在一定的检测概率和相关功率约束下,建立了一个以最大化次级网络的吞吐量为目标函数的优化问题。仿真实验首先突出说明了恶意节点数目对频谱感知影响重大,同时还表明无论是否存在恶意节点,提出的算法均可有效地计算出最优的感知时间和发射功率,且在降低最大干扰功率限制和最大发射功率限制时,网络的吞吐量是增大的。     

射频板条CO2激光器整形光路自适应调节研究

为了解决射频板条CO2激光器因安装或腔镜热畸变造成的光路偏移问题,采用外光路偏移补偿的方法对其进行校正。研究了基于压电陶瓷的偏移补偿装置,设计了压电陶瓷驱动电路,并分析了控制精度和自适应控制方法。结果表明,通过偏移补偿装置,激光输出功率在任何占空比下均可达到或超过标准参考功率值,并通过对比有无自适应调节,激光输出功率最大相差100W,且可保持激光输出功率在2h运行中波动小于2%。此项研究可保证激光器高效运行,提高激光器的输出功率和模式的稳定性,具有较大的实用价值。     

典型场景下电波传播特性建模

为了解决某些典型场景(如海上、山区、丘陵、城区)下无法使用已有基础模型来全面表达电波传播特性的问题,建立了一种在典型场景下,基于确定性抛物方程、适用于多个传输场景的统一电波传播模型。把典型场景等效为损耗介质层来求解边界条件,利用Fourier分步步进法得到相应解,然后得到电波在典型场景下的传播损耗,并进行了理论分析和实验验证。结果表明,在不同传输场景下,将统一电波传播模型与Miller-Brown模型、射线追踪模型进行比较,结果较吻合,验证了其正确性。这一结果对建立一种求解典型场景下电波传播衰落问题的统一电波传播模型是有帮助的。